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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a large group of organic chemicals characterized by their ability to evaporate at room temperature. They are found in many products including paints, solvents, fuels, and cleaning agents, as well as in some natural sources like plants and wildfires.

Key Points about VOCs:

1. Sources:

   • Anthropogenic: Industrial processes, vehicle emissions, household products (paints, varnishes, cleaning supplies), and fossil fuels.
   • Natural: Vegetation (e.g., terpenes from trees), wildfires, and volcanic activity.

2. Health Impacts:

   • Short-term exposure can cause headaches, dizziness, and respiratory issues.
   • Long-term exposure has been linked to more serious health problems such as liver and kidney damage, and even cancer.

3. Environmental Effects:

   • VOCs contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and smog, which can harm the environment and human health.
   • They also play a role in atmospheric chemistry and can impact climate change.

4. Regulation and Control:

   • Many countries have regulations to limit VOC emissions from industrial processes and consumer products.
   • Technologies and practices such as using low-VOC or VOC-free products, improving ventilation, and employing air purification systems help reduce VOC levels.

Understanding and managing VOCs is crucial for protecting both human health and the environment.